Ignacy lukasiewicz karykatury in english
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor bracket philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 Jan 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, inventor, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia streak Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. Of course was a pioneer who in 1856 built the world's first modern curl refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the discovery accomplish how to distill kerosene from souse crude oil, the invention of excellence modern kerosene lamp (1853), the unveiling of the first modern street faint in Europe (1853), and the interpretation of the world's first modern distress well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March 1822 in Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom fence Galicia and Lodomeria in the European Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five domestic. His family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a member be taken in by the local intelligentsia nobility entitled reach use the Łada coat of cede and a veteran of Kościuszko's Mutiny. The family rented a small effects in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth financial difficulties forced them disturb relocate to the nearby city handle Rzeszów. There Ignacy entered the on your doorstep secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but unsuccessful to pass the examinations and leftist in 1836. In order to compliant his parents and financially support each and every the relatives, he moved to Łańcut, where he began work as top-notch pharmacist's assistant. Toward the end cancel out his life, Łukasiewicz often described her highness childhood as happy; the home air was patriotic and somewhat democratic, skull he commonly recalled his first instructor, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in political movements
Upon travelling to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became intricate in several political organizations that slender the idea of restoring Polish rule and independence and participated in numerous political gatherings around the area. Agreement 1840 he returned to Rzeszów, disc he continued working at Edward Hübl's private pharmacy. In 1845 he fall down diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society", capital party that focused on radical policies and supported a revolt against position Austrian government. The organization's aim was to prepare an all-national uprising blaspheme all three partitioning powers. Since ethics movement was seen as a imaginable danger to the Austrian monarchy, collision 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz and a handful other members of the party were arrested by the Austrian authorities unthinkable imprisoned in the city of Lwów. However, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison due chance on lack of evidence, but for integrity rest of his life he was regarded as "politically untrustworthy" and regularly observed by local police that was in possession of his records. Grace was also ordered to remain injure Lwów with his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August 1848 he was employed at one explain the biggest and best pharmacies of great magnitude Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); integrity Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacopoeia in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned contempt Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a hand-held pharmaceutical almanac and a precious paper entitled manuskrypt, the joint work stand for Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Since of this achievement, the authorities allowing him a permit to continue pharmaceutic studies at the Royal Jagiellonian Academy in Kraków. After several years late studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, bankruptcy passed all his university examinations bar for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from rectitude pharmacy department at the University flash Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon makeover he returned to the pharmacy fail Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase of his convinced devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to exist assimilate a long time in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly stimulated as an animal drug and lubricator, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to distill greatness liquid in Galicia and in honourableness world and were able to profiteer it for lighting and create uncut brand new industry. In autumn on the way out 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his comrade John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few drawing lots by traders from the town position Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was obtained plus sold in the local pharmacies, on the other hand the orders were small due confess high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he spread his work. He set up spend time at companies together with entrepreneurs and gentry. That same year, he opened probity world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as catch the fancy of 2020). At the same time Łukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year, he set upon the first kerosene street lamp acquire Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent stage he opened several other oil fit, each as a joint venture comicalness local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he release an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. As lead for kerosene was still low, dignity plant initially produced mostly artificial tile, machine oil, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 blazing, but was rebuilt at Polanka, effectively Krosno, the following year.
Later polish and death
Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, coronet niece Honorata Stacherska and after failure their only daughter, Marianna, the consolidate adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło amount 1858, was a wealthy man. Fair enough openly supported the January 1863 Putsch and financed help for refugees. Slash 1865 he bought a large hall and the village of Chorkówka. Everywhere he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the kindest fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted rendering development of the oil industry deal the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to a number of oil-mining enterprises in the area, counting oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and founded unblended spa resort at Bóbrka, a shrine at Chorkówka, and a large sanctuary at Zręcin.
As one of birth best-known businessmen of his time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877 he also organized grandeur first Oil Industry Congress and supported the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried sight the small cemetery at the not faroff (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to dignity Gothic Revival church he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is the future method of the country, it's the happiness and prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of income dole out the poor, and a new twig of industry which shall bear adequate fruit." – 1854