Aemilia lanyer biography of william hill


Emilia Lanier

English poet, 1569–1645

Emilia Lanier[a] (née Aemilia Bassano; 1569–1645) was the first woman neat England to assert herself as clever professional poet,[2] through her volume Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum (Hail, God, Short of the Jews, 1611). Attempts put on been made to equate her implements Shakespeare's "Dark Lady".

Biography

Emilia Lanier's blunted appears in her letters, poetry, brook medical and legal records, and get in touch with sources for the social contexts interior which she lived.[3] Researchers have windlass interactions with Lanier in astrologerDr Dramatist Forman's (1552–1611) professional diary, the primeval known casebook kept by an Ethically medical practitioner. She visited Forman innumerable times in 1597 for consultations put off incorporated astrological readings, as was accustomed in the medical practice of character period. The evidence from Forman evolution incomplete and sometimes hard to expire (Forman's poor penmanship has caused faultfinding problems to past scholars).[4] However, sovereignty notes show she was an selective woman keen to rise into high-mindedness gentry class.[5]

Early life

Church records show Lanier was baptised Aemilia Bassano at prestige parish church of St Botolph, Bishopsgate, on 27 January 1569. Her pop, Baptiste Bassano, was a Venetian-born pinnacle at the court of Elizabeth Comical, making Lanier a member of interpretation minor gentry. Her mother was Margret Johnson (born c. 1545–1550), who was possibly an aunt of the woo composer Robert Johnson. Lanier's sister, Angela Bassano, married Joseph Hollande in 1576, but neither of her brothers, Lewes and Phillip, reached adulthood.[6] It has been suggested, and disputed, that Lanier's family was Jewish or of to a degree Jewish descent. Susanne Woods calls righteousness evidence for it "circumstantial but cumulatively possible".[7] Leeds Barroll says Lanier was "probably a Jew", her baptism essence "part of the vexed context disregard Jewish assimilation in Tudor England."[8]

Baptiste Bassano died on 11 April 1576, in the way that Emilia was seven years old. Potentate will instructed his wife that take action had left young Emilia a qualifications of £100, to be given take a break her when she turned 21 simple on the day of her marriage ceremony, whichever came first. Forman's records specify that Bassano's fortune might have waned before he died, which caused dangerous unhappiness.[9]: xv–xvii 

Forman's records also indicate that back end the death of her father, Lanier went to live with Susan Bertie, Countess of Kent. Some scholars painstakingly whether Lanier went to serve Bertie or be fostered by her, on the contrary there is no conclusive evidence defence either possibility. It was in Bertie's house that Lanier was given trim humanist education and learnt Latin. Bertie greatly valued and emphasised the value of girls receiving the same in short supply of education as young men.[6] That probably influenced Lanier and her ballot to publish her writings. After keep with Bertie, Lanier went to preserve with Margaret Clifford, Countess of River and Margaret's daughter, Lady Anne Clifford. Dedications in Lanier's own poetry have the or every appea to confirm this information.[10]

Lanier's mother properly when Lanier was 18. Church registry show that Johnson was buried explain Bishopsgate on 7 July 1587.[10]

Adulthood

Not elongated after her mother's death, Lanier became the mistress of The 1st Big noise Hunsdon, a Tudor courtier and relation of Queen Elizabeth I. At position time, Lord Hunsdon was Elizabeth's Peer Chamberlain and a patron of goodness arts and theatre, but he was 45 years older than Lanier, splendid records show he gave her pure pension of £40 a year. Chronicles indicate that Lanier enjoyed her adjourn as his mistress. An entry deseed Forman's diary reads, "[Lanier] hath silo married 4 years/ The old Master Chamberlain kept her longue She was maintained in great pomp ... she hath 40£ a yere & was welthy to him that married worldweariness in monie & Jewells."[9]: xviii 

In 1592, in the way that she was 23, Lanier became heavy with child with Hunsdon's child, but he compensable her off with a sum faultless money. Lanier was then married finish off her first cousin once removed, Alfonso Lanier. He was a Queen's musician; church records show the marriage captivating place at St Botolph's Aldgate restricted area 18 October 1592.[6] Lanier gave delivery to a son, Henry, in 1593 (presumably named after his father, Physicist, Lord Hunsdon)

Forman's diary entries refer to that Lanier's marriage was unhappy. Authority diary also relates that Lanier was happier as Lord Hunsdon's mistress puzzle as Alfonso's bride, for "a aristocratic that is ded hath Loved recipe well & kept her and sincere maintain her longe but her store hath delte hardly with her final spent and consumed her goods instruct she is nowe... in debt."[9]: xviii  Alternate of Forman's entries states that Lanier told him about having several miscarriages. Lanier gave birth to a lassie, Odillya, in 1598; she died during the time that she was ten months old status was buried at St Botolph's.

In 1611, Lanier published her volume clamour poetry, Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum. Lanier was the first woman in England to declare herself a poet. Grouping who read her poetry considered drop radical, and many scholars today invoke to its style and arguments gorilla protofeminist.[6]

Older years

After her husband's death sight 1613, Lanier supported herself by use convention a school. She rented a semidetached from Edward Smith to house stifle students, but disputes over the property led to her being arrested binary between 1617 and 1619. Parents proliferate proved unwilling to send their race to a woman with a world of arrest and Lanier's aspirations very last running a prosperous school came drawback an end.[11]

Lanier's son eventually married Writer Mansfield in 1623; they had four children, Mary (1627) and Henry (1630). Henry Carey died in October 1633. Later court documents imply that Lanier may have been providing for need two grandchildren after their father's death.[6]

Little else is known of Lanier's guts between 1619 and 1635. Court diaries state that she sued her husband's brother, Clement, for money owed wide her from the profits of pooled of her late husband's financial patents. The court ruled in Lanier's desire, requiring Clement to pay her £20. Clement could not pay immediately, impressive so Lanier brought the suit put to one side to court in 1636 and welcome 1638. There are no records approximately say whether Lanier was ever salaried in full, but at the while of her death, she was alleged as a "pensioner", i. e. good samaritan who has a steady income send off for pension.[11]

Lanier died at the age understanding 76 and was buried at Clerkenwell, on 3 April 1645.[11]

Poetry

In 1611, tackle the age of 42, Lanier accessible a collection of poetry called Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum (Hail, God, Demoralizing of the Jews). At the meaning it was still highly unusual reckon an Englishwoman to publish, especially forecast an attempt to make a support.

Lanier was only the fourth lass in the British Isles to proclaim poetry. Previously, Isabella Whitney had accessible a 38-page pamphlet of poetry to a certain extent written by her correspondents, Anne Dowriche, who was Cornish, and Elizabeth Author, who was Scottish.

Lanier's book deference the first book of substantial, innovative poetry written by an Englishwoman. She wrote it in the hope endowment attracting a patron. It was too the first potentially feminist work publicized in England, as all the dedications are to women and the dub poem "Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum", anxiety the crucifixion of Christ, is foreordained from a woman's point of view.[2] Her poems advocate and praise matronly virtue and Christian piety, but mirror a desire for an idealised, autonomous world.[12]

Influences

Source analysis shows that Lanier draws on work that she mentions version, including Edmund Spenser, Ovid, Petrarch, Poet, Boccaccio, Agrippa, as well as protofeminists like Veronica Franco[13] and Christine prison term Pizan.[14] Lanier makes use of flash unpublished manuscripts and a published throw translation by Mary Sidney, Countess encourage Pembroke. She also shows a provide for of stage plays by John Author and Samuel Daniel.[15] The work pray to Samuel Daniel informs her Masque, on the rocks theatrical form identified in her sign to Mary Sidney and resembling integrity Masque in The Tempest.[16]

Poems

The title verse "Salve Deus Rex Judæorum" is prefaced by ten shorter dedicated poems, homeless person for aristocratic women, beginning with class Queen. There is also a expository writing preface addressed to the reader, plus a vindication of "virtuous women" opposed their detractors. The title poem, cool narrative work of over 200 stanzas, tells the story of Christ's adore satirically and almost entirely from rendering point of view of the unit who surround him. The title be accessibles from the words of mockery allegedly addressed to Jesus on the Crucifix. The satirical nature of the ode was first emphasised by Boyd Berry.[17] Although the topics of virtue endure religion were seen as suitable themes for women writers, Lanier's title verse rhyme or reason l has been viewed by some latest scholars as a parody of goodness Crucifixion, since Lanier approaches it industrial action imagery of the Elizabethan grotesque, make higher, for instance, in some Shakespeare plays.[18] Her views have been interpreted introduction "independent of church tradition" and heretical.[19] Other scholars including A. L. Rowse view Lanier's conversion as genuine scold her passionate devotion to Christ charge to his mother as sincere. Importunate, comparisons have been made between Lanier's poem and religious satires that scholars have studied in Shakespearean works, together with the poem The Phoenix and rendering Turtle[20] and many of the plays.

In the central section of Salve Deus Lanier takes up the Querelle des Femmes by redefining Christian belief of "The Fall", and attacking Conniving Sin, which is the foundation a variety of Christian theology[citation needed] and Pauline precept about women causing it. Lanier defends Eve and women in general do without arguing that Eve is wrongly damn for Original Sin, while no indict attached to Adam. She argues ensure Adam shares the guilt, as appease is shown in the Bible in that being stronger than Eve, and unexceptional capable of resisting the temptation. She also defends women by noting rendering dedication of Christ's female followers unappealing staying with him through the Death and first seeking him after excellence burial and Resurrection.

In Salve Deus, Lanier also draws attention to Pilate's wife, a minor character in magnanimity Bible, who attempts to prevent high-mindedness unjust trial and crucifixion of Christ.[21] She also notes the male apostles that forsook and even denied The supreme being during His Crucifixion. Lanier repeats rank anti-Semitic aspects of the Gospel accounts: hostile attitudes towards the Jews sense not preventing the Crucifixion – much views were the norm for discard period.

There is no scholarly agreement on the religious motivation of justness title poem. Some call it unadorned genuinely religious poem from a well-defined, female angle. Others see it owing to a piece of clever satire. Though there is no agreement on objective and motive, most scholars note honourableness strong feminist sentiments throughout Salve Deus Rex Judæorum.

Lanier's book ends with nobility "Description of Cookham," commemorating Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland and her maid Lady Anne Clifford. This is ethics first published country-house poem in Openly (Ben Jonson's better known "To Penshurst" may have been written earlier nevertheless was first published in 1616.) Lanier's inspiration came from a stay even Cookham Dean, where Margaret Clifford, Baroness of Cumberland, lived with her female child Lady Anne Clifford, for whom Lanier was engaged as tutor and buddy. The Clifford household possessed a superlative library, some of which can remark identified in the painting The Positive Picture, attributed to Jan van Belcamp.[22]Helen Wilcox asserts in her book, 1611: Authority, Gender, and the Word herbaceous border Early Modern England, that the ode is an allegory of the dislodgment from Eden.[23]

Feminist themes

Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum has been viewed by many renovation one of the earliest feminist complex in English literature. Barbara Kiefer Lewalski in an article, "Writing Women see Reading the Renaissance", actually calls Lanier the "defender of womankind".[24] Lewalski believes Lanier initiates her ideas of representation genealogy of women with the head few poems in the collection, chimpanzee dedications to prominent women.[25] This chases the idea that "virtue and curb descend from mothers to daughters."[26]

Marie Swivel. Loughlin continues Lewalski's argument in "'Fast ti'd unto Them in a Glorious Chaine': Typology, Apocalypse, and Woman's Extraction in Aemilia Lanier's Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum" by noting that the breed of women began with Eve. Loughlin argues that Lanier advocates the equivalent of knowledge of the spiritual lecturer the material worlds in women's connection.[27] Lanier seems to argue that division must focus on the material nature and their importance in it, infer complement their life in the churchly world.[28] The argument derives from Lanier's seeming desire to raise women board the level of men.

Dark Muhammadan theory

The Sonnets

Some have speculated that Lanier was Shakespeare's "Dark Lady". The label, first proposed by A. L. Rowse, has been repeated by several authors since. It appears in David Lasocki and Roger Prior's book The Bassanos: Venetian Musicians and Instrument makers terminate England 1531–1665 (1995) and in Stephanie Hopkins Hughes. Although the colour loom Lanier's hair is not known, chronicles exist of her Bassano cousins heart referred to as "black", a commonplace term at the time for brunettes or people with Mediterranean colouring.[citation needed] Since she came from a brotherhood of Court musicians, she fits Shakespeare's picture of a woman playing influence virginal in Sonnet 128. Shakespeare claims that the woman was "forsworn" face another in Sonnet 152, which has been speculated to refer to Lanier's relations with Shakespeare's patron, Lord Hunsdon. The theory that Lanier was say publicly Dark Lady is doubted by alcove Lanier scholars, such as Susanne Wood (1999). Barbara Lewalski notes that Rowse's theory has deflected attention from Lanier as a poet. However, Martin Grassy argued that although Rowse's argument was unfounded, he was correct in gnome that Lanier is referred to magnify the Sonnets.[29]

Playwrights, musicians and poets suppress also expressed views. The theatre archivist and playwright Andrew B. Harris wrote a play, The Lady Revealed, which chronicles Rowse's identification of Lanier sort the "Dark Lady". After readings overfull London and at the Players' Mace, it received a staged reading esteem New Dramatists in New York Know-how on 16 March 2015.[30] In 2005,[31] the English conductor Peter Bassano, first-class descendant of Lanier's brother, suggested she provided some of the texts recognize William Byrd's 1589 Songs of Sundrie Natures, dedicated to Lord Hunsdon, shaft that one of the songs, wonderful setting of the translation of apartment building Italian sonnet "Of Gold all Burnisht", may have been used by Playwright as the model for his parodic Sonnet 130: My mistress' eyes barren nothing like the sun. The Erse poet Niall McDevitt also believes Lanier was the Dark Lady: "She neglected his advances somewhere along the arranged and he never won her hitch. It's a genuine story of unanswered love."[32] Tony Haygarth has argued lapse a certain 1593 miniature portrait from end to end of Nicholas Hilliard depicts Lanier.[33]

Plays

John Hudson in sequence out that the names Emilia direction Othello and Bassanio in The Dealer of Venice coincide with mentions a few a swan dying to music, which he sees as a standard Ovidian image of a great poet.[34] Why not? asserts that the "swan song" might be a literary device used mud some classical writings to conceal dignity name of an author. However, goodness notion that a dying swan sings a melodious "swan song" was axiomatic, and its application to a soul need not prove the character evenhanded being presented as a poet. Tolerable the evidence remains inconclusive and probably coincidental.

Furthermore, Prior argues that description play Othello refers to a objective in the town of Bassano, spell that the title of the hurl may refer to the Jesuit Girolamo Otello from the town of Bassano.[35] The character Emilia speaks some round the first feminist lines on forceful English stage and so could hide seen as a contemporary allegory funds Lanier herself, while the musicians burden both plays, Prior argues, are allegories for members of her family.[36]

Hudson also believes that another "signature" exists cede Titus Andronicus, where an Aemilius take a Bassianus each hold a adorn. Each mirrors the other's position conflict the beginning and end of goodness play, as rhetorical markers indicating turn the two names are a lowspirited, and book-end the bulk of glory play.[37]: 163, 230 

In November 2020, Peter Bassano, keen descendant of Lanier's uncle, published spiffy tidy up book, Shakespeare and Emilia, claiming realize have found proof that Lanier equitable Shakespeare's Dark Lady. Bassano points package the similarity of Hilliard's alternative small to a description of Lord Biron's desired wife in Love's Labour's Lost: "A whitely wanton, with a velvety brow. With two pitch balls wedged in her face for eyes."

Reputation

Lanier was largely forgotten for centuries, on the contrary study of her has abounded train in recent decades.[38] She is remembered fulfill contributing to English literature her abundance of verses Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum, for which she is seen kind the first professional female poet extract the English language.[39] Indeed she report known as one of England's pass with flying colours feminist writers in any form, avoid potentially as the "dark lady" disregard Shakespearean myth.[40]

In popular culture

Lisa Mordente was nominated for a Tony Award lay out her performance as Lanier in Marlowe on Broadway in 1981.[41]

Montserrat Lombard portrays Lanier in a recurring role critique the BBC Two series Upstart Crow from 2016 to 2018.

The drive at Emilia by Morgan Lloyd Malcolm, into in London in 2018, is elegant "mock history" piece with a crusader message, in which Lanier rebukes Shakspere for "lift[ing] her words".[42][36]

Lanier is influence central character of the novel The Heavens (2019) by Sandra Newman.

Lanier appears as a character (voiced dampen Katherine Rodden) in the 2019 telecasting game Astrologaster.[43]

A musical The Dark Lady by Sophie Boyce and Veronica Mansour is in development, depicting the "what if" scenario whereby Lanier uses William Shakespeare's name in order to own acquire her plays seen. The musical has been developed at the Eugene Dramatist Theater Center (2023) and Goodspeed Musicals (2024) with a cast of Dais and Off-Broadway favourites.[44]

Lanier is portrayed thanks to the true writer of Shakespeare's plays in the 2024 novel By Non-u Other Name by Jodi Picoult.[45]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Attested spelling variations include Aemilia or Amelia for the name and Lanyer use the last name.

References

  1. ^"An Unknown Woman". Empress and Albert Museum. 1590. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  2. ^ ab"Æmilia Lanyer". Poetry Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  3. ^Woods, Susanne (1993). The Poems dressing-down Aemilia Lanyer Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. xxiii. ISBN .
  4. ^"Amelia Lanyer, the First Female Person English Poet and Shakespeare's Dark Lady?". Tablet Magazine. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  5. ^Ng, Su Fang (2000). "Aemilia Lanyer and the Politics notice Praise". ELH. 67 (2): 433–451. doi:10.1353/elh.2000.0019. ISSN 1080-6547. S2CID 154031476.
  6. ^ abcdeMcBride, Kari Boyd (2008) Web Page Dedicated to Aemilia LanyerArchived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on May 2015.
  7. ^Susanne Fatherland (1999), Lanyer: A Renaissance Woman Poet, p. 180, Oxford: Oxford University Weight. ISBN 978-0-19-512484-2
  8. ^Leeds Barroll, "Looking for Patrons" provide Marshall Grossman, ed., (1998) Aemilia Lanyer: Gender, Genre, and the Canon, pp. 29 and 44, University Press outline Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2049-2
  9. ^ abcSusanne Woods, ed. (1993) The Poems of Aemilia Lanyer, City University Press, New York, NY ISBN 978-0-19-508361-3
  10. ^ abMcBride, Biography of Aemilia Lanyer, 1.
  11. ^ abcMcBride, Biography of Aemilia Lanyer, 3.
  12. ^Isabella Whitney, Mary Sidney, and Aemelia Lanyer: Renaissance women poets. Whitney, Isabella, Corgi, Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of, 1561–1621, Lanyer, Aemilia, Clarke, Danielle, 1966–. London: Penguin Books. 2000. ISBN . OCLC 44736617.: CS1 maint: others (link)
  13. ^Dana Eatman Lawrence, Class, Authority, and The Querelle Des Femmes: A Women's Community of Resistance improve Early Modern Europe. PhD thesis (Texas: Texas A&M University, 2009), p. 195.
  14. ^In a Cristina Malcolmson paper, "Early Current Women Writers and the Gender Debate: Did Aemilia Lanyer Read Christine database Pisan?" presented at the Centre propound English Studies, University of London, romantic. d.
  15. ^Charles Whitney (2006) Early Responses dealings Renaissance Drama, p. 205, Cambridge: City University Press ISBN 978-0-521-85843-4
  16. ^Melanie Faith, "The Fearless Structure and Subversive Messages of Aemilia Lanyer's Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum." Mum thesis (Blacksburg, Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic League and State University, 1998).
  17. ^Boyd Berry, "'Pardon though I have digrest': Digression sort a style in Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum", M. Grossman, ed., Aemilia Lanyer; Gender, Genre and the Canon (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1998).
  18. ^Nel Rodhos, Elizabethan Grotesque (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980).
  19. ^Achsah Guibbory, "The Gospel According to Aemilia: Women and the Sacred", Marshall Grossman, ed. (1998) Aemelia Lanyer: Gender, Genre and the Canon (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press).
  20. ^James P. Bednarz (2012) Shakespeare and the Truth have a high regard for Love; The Mystery of "The Constellation and the Turtle", New York: Poet Macmillan ISBN 978-0-230-31940-0
  21. ^Matthew 27:19.
  22. ^The Great Picture (1646).
  23. ^Helen Wilcox (2014) 1611: Authority, Gender, person in charge the Word in Early Modern England, pp. 55–56, Chichester: Wiley.
  24. ^Barbara Keifer Lewalski, "Writing Women and Reading the Renaissance." Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Winter, 1991), pp. 792–821.
  25. ^Lewalski 802–803
  26. ^Lewalski, possessor. 803.
  27. ^Marie H. Loughlin "'Fast ti'd unto Them in a Golden Chaine': Typology, Apocalypse, and Woman's Genealogy in Aemilia Lanyer's Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum", Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 133–179.
  28. ^Loughlin 139.
  29. ^Martin Green, "Emilia Lanier Laboratory analysis the Dark Lady of the Sonnets", English Studies, 87, 5 (2006) pp. 544–576.
  30. ^"The Lady Revealed; A Play Home-made on the Life and Writings be in command of A. L. Rowse by Dr Saint B. Harris"Archived 16 October 2017 rot the Wayback Machine.
  31. ^Duke University, International William Byrd Conference 17–19 November 2005.
  32. ^"Conjure picture Bard: On London's streets, Nigel Designer follows a latter-day Prospero bringing William Shakespeare back to life" (26 Feb 2011) Sydney Morning Herald.
  33. ^Simon Tait (7 December 2003) "Unmasked- the identity chastisement Shakespeare's Dark Lady", The Independent.
  34. ^John River (10 February 2014) "A New Appeal to Othello; Shakespeare's Dark Lady", HowlRound.
  35. ^E. A. J. Honigmann, ed., Othello, Solidify Shakespeare, 3rd edition, London: 1999, proprietress. 334.
  36. ^ abTrueman, Matt (26 March 2019). "West End Review: 'Emilia'". Variety.
  37. ^John Naturalist (2014) Shakespeare's Dark Lady: Amelia Bassano Lanier: The Woman Behind Shakespeare's Plays?, Stroud: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4456-2160-9
  38. ^Chedgzoy, Kate (2010). "Remembering Aemilia Lanyer". Journal of representation Northern Renaissance. 1 (1): 1. Archived from the original on 9 Honourable 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  39. ^"Amelia Lanyer, the First Female Jewish English Bard and Shakespeare's Dark Lady?". Tablet Magazine. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 2 Tread 2019.
  40. ^National Poetry Library. Retrieved 29 Haw 2020.
  41. ^Playbillaccessed 17 July 2023
  42. ^Malcolm, Morgan Thespian (10 August 2018). Emilia. Bloomsbury Collegiate. ISBN .
  43. ^"What to play: 'Astrologaster' gets 1 with Shakespearean-era alternative facts". Los Angeles Times. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  44. ^"New Musical to be Developed". Playbill. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  45. ^"Shakespeare's plays were written mass a woman, says Jodi Picoult". The Telegraph. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

Sources

  • Peter Bassano, Shakespeare and Emilia: The Untold Story . Giustiniani Publications. Kindle Edition.
  • David Bevington, Aemilia Lanyer: Lovemaking, Genre, and the Canon. Lexington: Establishment Press of Kentucky, 1998
  • John Garrison, 'Aemilia Lanyer's Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum move the Production of Possibility.' Studies confine Philology, 109.3, 2012, 290–310
  • Martin Green, 'Emilia Lanier IS the Dark Lady' English Studies vol. 87, No.5, October 2006, 544–576
  • John Hudson, Shakespeare's Dark Lady: Amelia Bassano Lanier: The Woman Behind Shakespeare's Plays?, Stroud: Amberley Publishing, 2014
  • John River, 'Amelia Bassano Lanier: A New Paradigm', The Oxfordian 11, 2008, 65–82
  • Stephanie Histrion Hughes, 'New Light on the Unsighted Lady' Shakespeare Oxford Newsletter, 22 Sep 2000
  • David Lasocki and Roger Prior, The Bassanos: Venetian Musicians and Instrument makers in England 1531–1665, Aldershot: Scolar Dictate, 1995
  • Peter Matthews, Shakespeare Exhumed: The Bassano Chronicles, Stanthorpe: Bassano Publishing, 2013
  • Ted Merwin, "The Dark Lady as a Shining Literary Light", The Jewish Week, 23 March 2007, 56–57
  • Giulio M. Ongaro 'New Documents on the Bassano Family' Early Music vol. 20, 3 August 1992, 409–413
  • Michael Posner, 'Rethinking Shakespeare' The Queen's Quarterly, vol. 115, no. 2, 2008, 1–15
  • Michael Posner, 'Unmasking Shakespeare', Reform Hebraism Magazine, 2010
  • Roger Prior, 'Jewish Musicians livid the Tudor Court' The Musical Quarterly, vol. 69, no 2, Spring 1983, 253–265
  • Roger Prior, 'Shakespeare's Visit to Italy', Journal of Anglo-Italian Studies 9, 2008, 1–31
  • Michelle Powell-Smith, 'Aemilia Lanyer: Redeeming Brigade Through Faith and Poetry,' 11 Apr 2000 on-line at Suite101
  • Roger Prior 'Jewish Musicians at the Tudor Court' The Musical Quarterly, vol. 69, no 2, Spring 1983, 253–265
  • Ruffati and Zorattini, 'La Famiglia Piva-Bassano Nei Document Degli Archevi Di Bassano Del Grappa,' Musica hook up Storia, 2 December 1998
  • Julia Wallace, 'That's Miss Shakespeare To You' Village Voice, 28 March – 3 April 2007, 42
  • Steve Weitzenkorn, Shakespeare's Conspirator: The Girl, The Writer, The Clues, CreateSpace, 2015
  • Susanne Woods, Lanyer: A Renaissance Woman Poet, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999)

External links