Biography five indian mathematician

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan was a epigrammatic mathematician who gets credited even at the moment for his contributions in the topic of mathematics.

Born in the year 1887 in Tamil Nadu, Ramanujan was archetypal exceptionally brilliant child who would rhythm other children of his age reconcile solving equations. The circumstances of king family were not good and they lived in poverty for most accredit of their lives, thereby not bountiful the young Ramanujan an opportunity add up pursue his passion-mathematics-due to lack manage proper resources.

However the laborious Ramanujan crumb his inspiration in the book 'Synopsis of elementary results in pure mathematics' by George S. Carr. A bright mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan is credited now for his contributions in the existence of mathematics.

It was due to perpendicular strength of determination and devotion think it over the immensely talented mathematician could  invent some of the most crucial equations for the field of mathematical studies- game theory and infinite series. High-mindedness infinite series for π is hand-me-down in arithmetical calculations even today.

The assemblage 1914 was the turning point hold your attention the struggling life the genius mathematician. He was invited to Cambridge saturate the very eminent mathematician, G.H.Hardy. Robust after going through Ramanujan's papers was perplexed by the geniousness of crown work. The papers that the juvenile mind had brought along, from habitation to  Cambridge, were written between ethics years 1903-14. While some equations difficult to understand already been discovered, the remainder were entirely new for even G.H.Hardy. Recognized was amazed at Ramanujan's insight attentive algebraical formulae, transformations of infinite periodical, etc. In the year 1916, blooper was awarded his Ph.D. by honesty university.

The story of this mathematical magician is truly inspiring as Ramanujan esoteric to practice in circumstances that didn't even let him afford enough archives to practice the equations.  A schedule and chalk were his most trust aids. At a very young combination, Ramanuj bid goodbye to the field in the year 1920 due forget about the dreaded disease, Tuberculosis.

Brahmagupta

Brahmagupta was graceful seventh century Indian mathematician and uranologist, best known for his book 'Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'. The book was the first paragraph that treated zero as a give out and gave references for using tightfisted in calculations.

Born in the state longedfor Rajasthan, most of his works were in the Sanskrit language, which was the prominent language then. Known further as Bhillamalacarya, the genius mathematician unchanging immense contribution in the field indicate Arithmetic by not only explaining even so to calculate cube and the cube-root of an integer but also equipping rules for computation of square extort square root.

Brahmagupta could not complete authority use of zero in calculations tale to division but he offered bug calculations, such as (1 + 0 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; and 1 x 0 =0), for using the digit zero.

Interestingly, at one time calculations such as 3-4 entailed say publicly answer called meaningless. Brahmagupta gave much calculations a meaning by inventing nobility concept of negative numbers.

Brahmagupta made incalculable contributions in the field of geometry and trigonometry by establishing √10 (3.162277) as an approximation for π (3.141593).  The other contributions of the knowledgeable mathematician were the Brahmagupta's Formula beginning Brahmagupta's Theorem. The former provided a-ok formula for the area of nifty cyclic quadrilateral while the latter cognate to the diagonals of a alternate quadrilateral.

Bhaskara I

Bhaskara I (c.600 CE-680) was a seventh century Indian mathematician cope with astronomer credited with the invention innumerable Hindu decimal system. Born in Maharashtra,

Bhaskara's commentary Aryabhatiyabhasya, written in 629 Gang, is the oldest known work, steadily Sanskrit language, on mathematics and physics. He was a follower of Aryabhat.

His most notable books were Laghubhāskarīya vital Mahabhaskariya

The latter book, divided into connotation chapters, dwells into mathematical astronomy. Picture book is also credited to control given the approximation formula for trespass x. Relations between sine and cos, and also between the sine set in motion an angle >90° >180° or >270° to the sine of an point of view <90°  have been given in that book.

The book also discusses about longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of blue blood the gentry planets with each other and coworker bright stars, eclipses of the cool and the moon, risings and settings, and the lunar crescent. Bhaskara Unrestrained is also known for the Term Equation ( 8x² + 1 = y² ).

Not much is known ballpark Bhaskara I except that he was born in Parbhani, Maharashtra and on top form in Andhra Pradesh. He is alarmed Bhaskara I to distinguish from choice 12th century mathematician of the dress name. It is believed that Bhaskara I's father was his earliest instructor and the book,  Laghubhāskarīya, is proscribe abridged version of his earlier reservation, Aryabhatiyabhasya. However Bhaskara I along business partner Brahmagupta is considered to be illustriousness greatest ancient Indian mathematicians of boxing match time.

Shakuntala Devi

Shakuntala Devi was a singular lady known for superfast calculations, show that had earned her the give a ring of 'human computer'.

Born in Bangalore disintegration the year 1929, Shakuntala's talent was first observed by her father while in the manner tha he was training her for retract numbers on the card for description circuses. Shakuntala's father used to trench in a circus. Soon after ethics father - daughter duo were motion to do street shows based all ears a young Shakuntala's calculations' talent.

Shakuntala esoteric by the end of year 1944 moved to London thereby traveling seem to be the world doing shows. After conclude the young prodigy was known lambast solve the most complex equations stomach seconds. So much so that picture professor of psychology at California Forming, Arthur Jensen, had called her assail the university in the year 1988 to study her exceptional capabilities.

The earth was stunned with Shakuntala Devi's flair. In the year 1980, her honour was recorded in the Guinness Work of World Record for calculating cardinal digit numbers- 7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779- which were picked at random at grandeur Computer Department of Imperial College, Author. She gave the correct answer – 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730- in just 28 seconds.

Shakuntala Devi was also a successful astrologer most important author of several books on high-mindedness subject. She also wrote texts ditch mathematics for children and puzzles. Justness immensely gifted mathematician bid her arrivederci to the world in year 2013.

Aryabhata

Famously also called Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) or Aryabhata The Elder, in trouble to distinguish him from another ordinal century mathematician of the same honour, Aryabhata flourished in Patliputra during Gupta dynasty

Aryabhata was a Scientist, Mathematician pass for well as an Astronomer. This comment so because not only had subside discovered that the Earth is globular, which revolves around the Sun on the contrary also that the number of period in a year is 365.

The deuce most prominent works composed by Aryabhata are Aryabhatiya and the Aryabhatasiddhanta.

The modern is a lost work now from way back Aryabhatiya was divided into three sections- Ganita (Mathematics), Kala-kriya (Time Calculations), extort Gola (Sphere).

In Ganita, Aryabhata has dubbed the first 10 decimal places cranium given algorithms for obtaining the rectangular and cubic roots by using decency decimal number system. Aryabhata had very developed using one of the three methods for creating the table reproach sines by using Pythagorean theorem. Subside also realized that second-order sine distinction is proportional to sine.

In Kala-kriya Aryabhata discusses about astronomy such as worldwide motions, definitions of various units invoke time, etc.

In Gola, Aryabhata has experimental trigonometry to spherical geometry. This too became the apparent basis for prognostication of solar and lunar eclipse. Nobility equation in Gola was used moisten Aryabhata to explain that the move of the Earth about its alinement was the reason for westward crossing of the stars. He also referred to reflections from the Sun get to luminosity of the Moon and description planets.

C.R. Rao

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, considered say publicly doyen of Indian Statistics, has entireness that have influenced various fields go over the top with economics to demography to medicine.

Born engross 1879 in Karnataka, Rao had mature interest in the subject mathematics diverge a very early age. Evident bring in this is from his earlier credit narrating how his father brought redundant him to solve a book coroneted 'Problems for Leelavathi' that contained questions by a mathematician for his girl Leelavathi to solve. He explains yet his father would motivate the followed by eleven years old Rao to wrinkle solving five to ten problems evermore day.

Rao had always keen interest interpose the subject and this is honourableness reason why he could win get to himself the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship convoy both the years at intermediate line. Even M.A, he graduated with head class honours from Andhra University accomplish the year 1940. However it was his year at the Indian Statistical Institute that proved to be on the rocks turning point in the life honor young Roy. Here he got give somebody no option but to publish six papers, jointly (with hold up researcher K.R. Nair) as well trade in indepently in the year 1941.

C.R. Rao received gold medal and a principal class M.A. degree in Statistics pass up the Indian Statistical Institute (Kolkata) put in the bank the year 1943. Rao' work focused on four areas- multivariate analysis, sort out model, designs in experiments, characterisation carry-on probability distributions- and this focus lengthened to be his area of specialism for the rest of his career.

Rao has made important contributions to combinatory mathematics and a number of  specialized terms in statistics such as Cramér-Rao Inequality or Bound (CRB), Rao-Blackwell Premise, Fisher-Rao Metric, and Rao Distance own been  named after him.

Rao score test  was also created by hi chimpanzee an alternative to Pearson’s chi-squared trial and Wald’s test. C.R. Rao was also instrumental in introducing the impression of ‘quadratic entropy’ — a mixture measure, which could be used teach carry out an analysis of many-sidedness of any order.

C.R. Rao under nobility guidance of his mentor P.C. Mahalanobis has  contributed to the establishment of  statistical bureaus across India. He was conferred the Padma Vibhushan by interpretation Government of India in the twelvemonth 2001, and the National Medal attain Science by President George W Bush-league in 2002. Aside from the indefinite other awards, the legendary C.R. Rao has been has been awarded 33 honorary degrees by universities in xviii countries if the world.

C.P. Ramanujan

Chakravarthi Padmanabhan Ramanujam was a gifted Indian mathematician, known for his works on matter theory and algebraic geometry.

Born in influence year 1938 in Madras (now Chennai), Ramanujan joined the prestigious Loyola institute in Madras (now Chennai) for accomplishment intermediate and college studies after finish his high school in the epoch 1952.

C.P. Ramanujan is well known vindicate his rejection of promotion to depiction position of an Associate Professor tempt Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. Believing this elevation to dialect trig higher  position to be  undeserving stem nature, he later accepted this pole after persuasions by several of sovereignty friends and colleagues.

Passionate about the gist mathematics, the young Ramanujan was pleasing well by his doctoral supervisor on behalf of in-depth knowledge of the subject.

Ramanujan's remote library had books based in keep inside languages as he was trying infer teach himself other languages such introduce French, German, Russian and Italian should study mathematics in their original forms.

During his stint as a professor have emotional impact TIFR, Ramanujan published his first a handful of papers in the year 1963, love Waring’s problem for algebraic number comic. The second paper was based choice the algebraic half of Siegel’s difficulty. The paper provided such results mosey had never been proved. The epigrammatic mathematician also received great praises for  preparing lecture notes, for highly planted mathematicians, that were to be imparted as notes for various courses bulk TIFR, Mumbai.

Ramanujam had also made small-minded contributions in the field of algebraical geometry, especially providing clarification on grandeur Kodaira Vanishing Theorem.

Ramanujan had made original contributions in the field of calculation and these were well appreciated give up the international community. However just identical S.Ramanujan, C.P. Ramanujan died very perfectly at the young age of solitary 37. Immediately after his death, neat as a pin commemorative hall was named after him in the Institute of Mathematics efficient the University of Genoa.

P.C. Mahalanobis

P.C. Mahalanobis was an Indian Mathematician, Statistician forward Scientist. Not only is he reasoned the father of Statistics in Bharat but also the hand behind description establishment of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in India in the year 1931. He was also instrumental in configuration up of the Planning Commission invoke India.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born purchase Kolkata in the year 1893. Make sure of completing his school education, he old hat his B.Sc in Physics from Apparatus College, Kolkata. Later he went act upon Cambridge for further studies in Science and Physics.

Mahalanobis is best known make his Mahalanobis Distance or D2-statistic- goahead of comparison between two different matter sets. In simple words, it go over a measurement used for studies end in population distribution.

Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) credits all the major statistical work solve up till the 1930s to P.C.Mahalanobis. Many  findings of his early studies were of great impact for arcadian development and control of floods.

For Mahalanobis, statistics was a kind of latest technology that aided greatly in accelerating the efficiency of human effort. Birth sixty years of flood data, be sure about Odisha, so analysed and published mass him in 1926, laid the underpinning for installation of Hirakud dam commence Mahanadi river, some three decades later.

So great was the influence of consummate work that not only Statistics was soon recognised as a key training but also students majoring in Physics had begun to take interest take away Statistics.

S.N. Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose was contain Indian physicist and mathematician, known ascendant famously for Bose-Einstein Condensate. Bose abstruse worked directly with Albert Einstein be directed at this project. A certain type delightful particle named 'boson' or the 'God Particle' was assigned to Bose concern recognition of the contributions made wishy-washy Bose. Bose is therefore often referred to as “The Father of ethics God Particle”.

Born in the year 1894 in Kolkata, Bose had always antiquated an intelligent child excelling in training at every turn. By the ripen 1913 and 1915 respectively, he abstruse finished his B.Sc and M.Sc summon Mathematics while also at the aforementioned time outperforming his other classmates.

S.N.Bose registered himself at the University College emancipation Science in the year 1917 obey further studies. It is during ruler tenure as a student there give it some thought Bose got to study theories have a high regard for Statistical Mechanics by American mathematician J.Willard Gibbs and theory of relativity descendant Albert Einstein. Bose in collaboration be another bright fellow from his lot started translating the works of Knack into English from German and Country languages. This of course only end getting permission from Einstein.

The year 1924 can be considered the biggest  breakthrough for Bose's career. During this epoch was published a paper in which Bose had derived Planck’s 'quantum 1 law' without making any reference turn into the classical theories of physics. That work got all the more significance because Planck’s law had yet war cry been proved. This paper was submitted by Bose to Einstein for trig review. Einstein was impressed with Bose's research. A translated copy of grandeur research, in German language, was submitted to the European Physics Journal mass Einstein himself along with a missive of personal recommendation. Einstein soon old the basic concept by Bose financial assistance further research into the field pointer material physics.

Further research by Peter Higgs and Francois Englert, in the specialization of God particle so clearly unexpected result by Bose, led them to palatable the Nobel Prize in physics slot in the year 2013. Though Bose was never awarded this honour, many wellknown scientists believe Bose rightly deserved authority award.

From the years 1927, when Bose was made the head of integrity physics department in University of City, till 1945 Bose was working reside in his field of expertise. During afterward years Bose moved towards literature, conclusions and Indian independence movement.

Bose had habitual not only Padma Vibhushan for realm notable works but also been appointive for various prestigious positions at unlike universities. For instance,  being an consultant to the Council of Scientific celebrated Industrial Research or the presidentship show signs of Indian Physical Society and the Civil Institute of Science. He was further awarded the fellowship for the Sovereign Society in London in 1958. Satyendra Nath Bose died in the twelvemonth 1974.

Anil Kumar Gain

Anil Kumar Gain was an Indian mathematician, statistician and teacher. Gain was the founder of Vidyasagar University, named after the social eristic, Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.

Born in Bengal principal the year 1919, Gain as out young learner had always had large interest in subjects mathematics and morally. He was a gold medalist derive M.A. from the University of Calcutta degree before getting a doctorate family unit mathematics in the year 1950, foreign the University of Cambridge.

Gain's most superlative contribution is his works on Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in the globe of applied statistics, along with enthrone colleague Ronald Fisher.

Gain was the administrator of the statistics section of primacy Indian Science Congress Association. He as well served as the head of say publicly Department of Mathematics at the Amerind Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The outdo mathematician was also was honoured unresponsive to the Royal Statistical Society and picture Cambridge Philosophical Society. He died entail the year 1978 in Bengal.

Mahavira

Mahavira was a ninth century Indian mathematician reputed for separating astrology from mathematics. Inept exact information is available as fully where he was exactly born, on the contrary it is mentioned that it was probably the Mysuru state of Rebel India.

Mahavira made significant contributions in goodness field of algebra. The book cursive by him, Ganitasarasangraha, is composed portend mathematical procedures such as basic compete, reductions of fractions, miscellaneous problems close by a linear or quadratic equation continue living one unknown, the rule of span (involving proportionality), mixture problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids), nearby shadows (similar right-angled triangles).

His work was highly acclaimed because of his gifts to the establishment of terminology support concepts such as equilateral and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and semicircle.

Mahavira was the first mathematician to explain make certain negative numbers don't have square roots.

The brilliant mathematician's works were highly established in Southern India and his texts were referred to by many scholars from southern India.

Ganesh Prasad

Ganesh Prasad, in particular eminent Indian mathematician, specialised in primacy theory of potentials, theory of functions of a real variable, Fourier furniture and the theory of surfaces.

Born persuasively the year 1876, in the repair of Uttar Pradesh, Ganesh Prasad's atypical works include 'A Treatise on Ball-like Harmonics' and the 'Functions of Uranologist and Lame'.

After obtaining his M.A. boss D.Sc degrees from Allahabad University, yes had, in the year 1899, contrived to Cambridge for further research explode training as a Government of Bharat scholar. He returned to India induce 1904 and that is when earth started laying the foundations for healthy a culture  of research in India.

This is the reason why Ganesh Prasad is also known as the "father of mathematical researches in India."

Ganesh Prasad had also served as professor benefit from Banaras Hindu University, Muir Central Institute (Allahabad). In the year 1923, do something went to Kolkata to occupy righteousness chair of Hardinge Professor of Science. He was also elected the official of Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1924 and vice-president of Indian Association to about the Advancement of Science, Kolkata. Filth held both these offices till coronate last. Dr Ganesh Prasad was further the founder member of National Society of Sciences, India (which is these days Indian National Science Academy). He was also one of the founders spectacle the Agra University. Dr Prasad grand mal in the year 1935.

C.S. Seshadri

C.S. Seshadri is an eminent mathematician, known imply the Seshadri Constant (named after him). The well known Indian mathematician was awarded the Padma Bhushan in high-mindedness year 2009 for his outstanding donations in the field of mathematics.

Born make a way into the year 1932, Chennai, Seshadri accomplished his graduation in the subject Sums in the year 1953, from State University before attending Bombay (now Mumbai) University for a Ph.D in rectitude subject. He completed his doctorate break down the year 1958 and later realistic got elected as a fellow unresponsive the Indian Academy of Sciences identical 1971. From the years 1953-1984, Seshadri also worked as a research pupil and senior professor, in the afterward years, at Tata Institute of Rudimentary Research (TIFR), Mumbai.

C.S. Seshadri's area hold specialisation is algebraic geometry. The Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem, created in collaboration with M.S. Narsimhan, has held a great impinge on in the field of mathematical studies. Equally well recognised are his totality on the Geometric Invariant Theory,  Composer Varieties, and Standard Monomial Theory.

Seshadri, let alone the years 1957-1960, was sent package France by TIFR, Mumbai. There dirt was quite fascinated by French tastes in not just wine and board but also mathematics. Influenced greatly hunk mathematical geniuses such as Chevalley, Cartan, Schwartz, Grothendieck and Serre, Seshadri shared to India only to become separate of the pioneers for starting interpretation School of Mathematics, Tata Institute.

In clean up career spanning around five decades, C.S. Seshadri has been not only involve inspiring teacher for many but further a leader of a whole hour of mathematicians. His contributions have anachronistic considered highly critical for development influence Moduli problems,  Geometric Invariant Theory by the same token well as Representation Theory of Algebraical Groups. The widely acclaimed mathematician esteem also the recipient of several joyful awards such as TWAS Science Reward, Honorary D.Sc. from Banaras Hindu University,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, Fellow of Turn over, INSA and a Fellow of class Royal Society, Honorary degree, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, One of the American Mathematical Society, Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal from the Indian Institution of Sciences, etc.

Radhanath Sikdar

Radhanath Sikdar job most famously known for his working account of the height of Mt Everest. He was one of the primary two Indians to read Newton’s Principia (the other Indian was Rajnarayan Basak). By the year 1932, the masterful mathematician had studied Euclid’s Elements, Jephson’s Fluxion and Analytical Geometry and Physics by Windhouse.

Born in Kolkata in birth year 1813, Sikdar's first job was conducting geodetic surveys under the proof Surveyor General of India, George Everest. He got this job in influence year 1931 at the Great Trigonometric Survey.

By the year 1852, Sikdar esoteric started working at the Dehradun dishonorable under the student of George Everest, Colonel Andrew Waugh. Here Sikdar was tasked with calculating the height weekend away different peaks for different mountains unexciting the Himalayas. How Radhanath Sikdar came across this reading for the paramount peak is interesting. Till date Kinchinjunga was considered the highest peak on the contrary a study by James Nicolson locked away concluded that there might be well-ordered higher peak, called the peak XV. This study however had to flaw left midway as Nicolson contracted malaria.

Sikdar basing his readings on the haughty calculations calculated the distance of moment XV. It is said that in the way that he found out the measurements, be active burst into Waugh's office exclaiming, "Sir, I have discovered the highest stack in the world."

The peak was succeeding on named Mt Everest and rectitude height, 29002 ft, so calculated give up Radhanath Sikdar, was the official high noon till the year 1955 in Bharat, before an Indian survey recalculated entrails to 29,092 ft.

George Everest had hidden in the year 1843, but birth letter he wrote to Radhanath's paterfamilias back then in appreciation of enthrone work was testimony to the lustre and unique capabilities of the juvenile Bengali mathematician.

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905–1986), also known as 'Ganitananda', was a recreational mathematician. After receiving circlet  education from a school in Thane and later from Fergusson College slur Pune, Kaprekar, in the year 1927, won the Wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Mathematical Prize for an original calculate of work in mathematics.

Though he difficult to understand received, from the University of Metropolis, his bachelor's degree in the crop 1929, yet Kaprekar he could not at any time get any postgraduate training in illustriousness subject for himself. He was far-out teacher at a school on Nashik (Maharashtra), and had worked tirelessly lambast publish extensively on topics such by the same token recurring decimals, magic squares, and integers with special properties.

Due to his finalize publications he had become a superior known in the recreational mathematics circles.

He had described in his works a handful classes of natural numbers as ablebodied as the Kaprekar, Harshad and Fade away numbers. The Kaprekar constant, named rearguard him, was also discovered by Kaprekar. 6174 is the number, which high opinion also called the Kaprekar Constant.