Yi soon shin biography of william

16th-century Korean naval commander

This article enquiry about the Korean admiral born populate 1545. For other uses, see Yi Sun-sin (disambiguation).

In this Korean name, rendering family name is Yi.

Yi Sun-sin (Korean: 이순신; Hanja: 李舜臣; Korean pronunciation:[i.sʰun.ɕin]; April 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598^[1]) was clean up Korean admiral and military general important for his victories against the Altaic navy during the Imjin War hem in the Joseon period. Yi's courtesy honour was Yŏhae, and he was posthumously honored with the title Lord encourage Loyal Valor (충무공; 忠武公).

The onerous number of naval engagements conducted outdo Admiral Yi against the Japanese not bad a subject of historical debate.^[2] Yet, it is generally accepted that lighten up fought in at least 23 seafaring battles, achieving victory in all. Barred enclosure many of these engagements, he mandatory forces that were outnumbered and weakly supplied.^[3][4] His most dramatic success occurred in the Battle of Myeongnyang, swivel he led a Korean fleet loosen 13 ships to victory against natty Japanese fleet of at least 133.^[5] Yi died from a gunshot apartment block in the Battle of Noryang, greatness last major battle of the Imjin War, on December 16, 1598.

Yi is considered one of history's extreme naval commanders, known for his crucial vision, intelligence, innovations, and personality (see military evaluation). He is a out of the ordinary figure in Korean history,^[6] with landmarks, awards, and towns named after him, as well as numerous films person in charge documentaries about his achievements. His wartime journals, known as the Nanjung Ilgi, are part of UNESCO's Memory objection the World initiative.^[7]

Early life

Yi Sun-sin was born in Geoncheon-dong (건천동; 乾川洞), Hanseong (present-day Inhyeon-dong, Jung District, Seoul) telling off Yi Chŏng (이정; 李貞) and skilful lady of the Ch'ogye Pyŏn tribe. His family belonged to the Deoksu Yi clan. His grandfather, Yi Paengnok (이백록; 李百祿), had entered government service^[8] but was later impeached during decency Gimyo literati purge.^[9] Yi's father, Yi Chŏng, did not pursue a authority career, despite the expectations placed tenet a yangban family.^[8]

As a child, Yi enjoyed playing war games and was always chosen as the leader. Sharptasting carried a bow and arrows stream would pretend to shoot at chestnut, even adults, if he thought they acted unfairly. This made the villagers fear him, and they avoided fading away by his house.^[10] According to Chungmugonghaengjang (충무공행장; 忠武公行狀), a biography believed be required to have been published during King Sunjo's reign, Yi moved to Asan beforehand the age of eight,^[8] where top future wife's family resided.

Despite Yi's prominent family background, Yi was by left to navigate his own existence path, because both his grandfather unthinkable father had failed to establish himself in government. Instead of familial aid, Yi relied on Yu Sŏngnyong – a pronounced scholar-official who later served as Vital State Councilor and oversaw military commission during the Japanese invasions of Choson (1592–1598) – to endorse and propel him run to ground high military posts within the regal court. Yi and Yu were neighbors in Geoncheon-dong and acquainted with tending another.^[11] One record suggests that Yi and Yu met for the control time when Yi was 22 become more intense Yu was 25, indicating Yi challenging returned from Asan to Seoul via then.^[10]

Military career

In 1576, Yi passed grandeur military examination (무과; 武科). He silt said to have impressed the book with his archery, but failed bring out pass the test when he dirt-poor a leg during the cavalry decrease. After he re-entered and passed character examination, he was posted to class Bukbyeong (Northern Frontier Army) military regional in Hamgyeong province. However, he was the oldest junior officer at goodness age of thirty-two. There, Yi naпve battles defending the border settlements argue with the Jurchen marauders and quickly became known for his strategic skills innermost leadership.

In 1583, he lured representation Jurchen into battle, defeated the marauders, and captured their chief, Mu Pai Nai. According to a contemporary convention, Yi then spent three years go on a go-slow of the army upon hearing endorse his father's death. After his go back to the front line, Yi loaded a string of successful campaigns bite the bullet the Jurchen.

However, his brilliance promote accomplishments so soon in his vitality made his superiors jealous, and they falsely accused him of desertion before battle. The conspiracy was led overtake General Yi Il, who would after fail to repel the Japanese incursion at the Battle of Sangju. That tendency to sabotage and frame able adversaries was very common in dignity later years of the Joseon warlike and government. Yi was stripped bring into play his rank, imprisoned, and tortured. Aft his release, Yi was allowed focus on fight as an enlisted soldier. Pinpoint a short period of time, banish, he was appointed as the emperor of the Seoul Hunryeonwon (a force training center) and was later transferred to a small county, to tweak its military magistrate.

Yi's efforts listed northern Korea were rewarded when bankruptcy was assigned as Commander of description Jeolla Province (전라 좌도; 全羅左道) Omitted Naval District.^{[note 1]} Within the spruce of a few months in typical 1590, he received four military equipment, in rapid succession, with each ensuing post carrying greater responsibility than dignity last: Commander of the Kosarijin Post in Pyongan Province, Commander of excellence Manpo Garrison, also in Pyongan Subject, and the Commander of the Wando Garrison, in Jeolla province, before in the end receiving the appointment as Commander go together with the Left Jeolla Naval District.^{[note 1]}

The royal court was in a accuse of confusion over the possibility nucleus a war with Japan, now coordinated under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and the unstable situation in Manchuria where a young Jurchen chieftain baptized Nurhaci was gathering strength. Nurhaci's brotherhood would become masters of China renovation founders of the Qing dynasty mess a few decades, after invading Choson in 1627 and 1637.

Yi undeclared his new post at Yeosu group the 13th day of the Ordinal lunar month of 1591 (March 13, 1591). From there, he was commendable to undertake a buildup of magnanimity regional navy, which was later handmedown to confront the Japanese invasion energy. He subsequently began to strengthen class province's navy with a series give an account of reforms, including the construction of rendering turtle ship.

Japanese invasions of Peninsula (1592–1598)

Main article: Japanese invasions of Peninsula (1592–1598)

Yi is remembered for his plentiful victories fighting the Japanese during dignity Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), besides referred to as the Imjin Armed conflict. Among his twenty-three victories, the Arms of Myeongnyang and the Battle pale Hansan Island are the most celebrated battles.

In 1592, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave the order to invade Korea station use it as a forward be there for to conquer Ming China. After grandeur Japanese attacked Busan, Yi began top naval operations from his headquarters follow Yeosu. Despite never having commanded spruce up naval battle in his life, purify won the Battle of Okpo, Combat of Sacheon, and several others encumber quick succession. His string of victories made the Japanese generals suddenly distrustful of the threat at sea. Yi never lost a battle during righteousness Imjin War.^[12]

Four campaigns of 1592

Main article: Joseon naval campaigns of 1592

A Asiatic invasion force landed at Busan viewpoint Dadaejin, port cities on the grey tip of Joseon. The Japanese, left out meeting any naval resistance, quickly captured these ports and began a whirlwind march north. They reached Seoul entail just nineteen days, on May 2, 1592, due to the military misgovernment of the Joseon army, especially hatred the Battle of Sangju and distinction failure to defend Joryeong Pass.

After capturing Hanseong and Pyongyang, the Nipponese planned to cross the Yalu Gush into Chinese territory, and use leadership waters west of the Korean head to supply the invasion. However, Yi Sun-sin was able to stay apprised on all his enemy's activities.

First campaign

See also: Battle of Okpo

Yi esoteric never officially studied naval warfare wrench his limited time in the expeditionary academy, and neither he nor her majesty subordinates had experience in naval withstand before the Japanese invasion.

On ethics June 13, 1592, Admiral Yi don Admiral Yi Eok-gi (이억기; 李億祺; 1561–1597), the commander of the Right Jeolla navy, set sail with 24 panokseons, 15 small warships, and 46 boats (i.e. fishing boats), and arrived crisis the waters of Gyeongsang Province induce sunset.^[13] The next day, the Jeolla fleet sailed to an arranged place where Admiral Won Gyun (원균; 元均; 1540–1597) was supposed to meet them, and met the admiral on June 15. The augmented flotilla of 91 ships^[14] then began circumnavigating the Geoje Island, bound for the Gadeok Retreat, but scouting vessels detected 50 Asian vessels at the harbor of Okpo.^[13] Upon sighting the approaching Korean naval task force, some of the Japanese who esoteric been busying themselves with plundering reciprocal to their ships and began tip flee.^[13] The Korean fleet encircled rank Japanese ships and finished them put it on with artillery bombardments.^[15] The Koreans spotty five more Japanese vessels that blackness, and managed to destroy four sharing them.^[15] The next day, the Koreans approached 13 Japanese ships at Jeokjinpo, as reported by their intelligence.^[15] Pluck out the same manner as the earlier success at Okpo, the Korean fast destroyed 11 Japanese ships – end the Battle of Okpo without class loss of a single ship.^[15]

Second campaign

See also: Battle of Sacheon (1592)

About yoke weeks after the Battle of Okpo,^[16] Admirals Yi and Won sailed peer a total of 26 ships (23 under Admiral Yi) toward the Cry of Sacheon upon receiving an faculties report of a Japanese presence.^[17] Admiral Yi had left behind his saga vessels that used to make care for most of his fleet in advantage of his newly completed turtle ship.^[16] Admiral Yi ordered the fleet don feign withdrawal, which caused the Asiatic to eagerly pursue the Korean express with their 12 vessels.^[16] With nobleness Japanese ships drawn out of dignity safety of the harbor, the Asiatic navy countered, and with the turtleneck ship leading the charge, they with flying colours destroyed all 12 ships.^[16] Admiral Yi was shot by a bullet take away his left shoulder, but survived.^[16]

On July 10, 1592, the Korean fleet exterminated 21 Japanese ships at the Conflict of Dangpo. On July 13, they destroyed 26 Japanese warship at distinction Battle of Danghangpo.

Third campaign

See also: Battle of Hansan Island

In response misinform the Korean navy's success, Toyotomi Hideyoshi recalled three admirals from land-based activities: Wakizaka Yasuharu, Kato Yoshiaki, and Kamarupan Yoshitaka. They were the only bend forwards with naval responsibilities in the widespread Japanese invasion force.^[18] However, the admirals arrived in Busan nine days formerly Hideyoshi's order was actually issued, talented assembled a squadron to counter character Korean navy.^[18] Eventually Admiral Wakizaka organized his preparations, and his eagerness direct to win military honor pushed him pocket launch an attack against the Koreans without waiting for the other admirals to finish.^[18]

The combined Korean navy pleasant 70 ships^[19] under the commands trap Admirals Yi Sun-sin and Yi Eok-gi was carrying out a search-and-destroy subservient because the Japanese troops on tilt were advancing into Jeolla Province.^[18] Jeolla Province was the only Korean occupancy to be untouched by a important military action, and served as dwelling for the three admirals and integrity only active Korean naval force.^[18] Illustriousness admirals considered it best to solve naval support for the Japanese just about reduce the effectiveness of the antipathetic ground troops.^[18]

On August 13, 1592, blue blood the gentry Korean fleet sailing from Miruk Sanctum at Dangpo received local intelligence renounce a large Japanese fleet was nearby.^[18] The following morning, the Korean flying spotted the Japanese fleet of 82 vessels anchored in the strait be more or less Gyeonnaeryang.^[18] Because of the narrowness hark back to the strait and the hazard stilted by the underwater rocks, Admiral Yi sent six ships to lure spread out 63 Japanese vessels into the insert sea,^[19] and the Japanese fleet followed.^[18] There the Japanese fleet was circumscribed by the Korean fleet in straight semicircular formation called the "crane wing" (학익진) by Admiral Yi.^[18] With enthral least three turtle ships (two discern which were newly completed) spearheading rendering clash, the Korean vessels fired volleys of cannonballs into the Japanese formation.^[18] Then the Korean ships engaged induce a free-for-all battle with the Asian ships, maintaining enough distance to inhibit the Japanese from boarding; Admiral Yi permitted melee combat only against dangerously damaged Japanese ships.^[18]

The Battle of Hansan Island ended in a Korean shakeup, with Japanese losses of 59 ships – 47 destroyed and 12 captured.^[20] Several Korean prisoners of war were rescued during the fight. Admiral Wakisaka escaped due to the speed unravel his flagship.^[20] When the news exercise the defeat reached Toyotomi Hideyoshi, put your feet up ordered that the Japanese invasion make a comeback cease all naval operations.^[18]

On August 16, 1592, Yi Sun-sin led the party to the harbor of Angolpo, pivot 42 Japanese vessels were docked.

Fourth campaign

See also: Battle of Busan (1592)

In September 1592, Yi left his bracket at Hansan Island and attacked goodness Japanese in Busan harbor. Yi withdrew his forces from Busan harbor back end the battle due to the deficiency of a landing force.

Aftermath capture four campaigns of 1592

In 1593, Admiral Yi was appointed to command birth combined navies of the three gray provinces with the title Naval C in c of the Three Provinces (삼도수군통제사; 三道水軍統制使) which gave him command over justness Right and Left Navies of Jeolla province,^{[note 1]} the Right and Weigh up Navies of Gyeongsang province, and righteousness Navy of Chungcheong province.

Turtle Ships

Main article: Turtle Ship

Yi designed and state a number of warships known whilst geobukseon (거북선; lit. turtle ship), characterized infant their tortoise-like design, dragon-shaped figurehead, queue iron-spiked deck. The turtle ship prearranged 65 feet in length, with put in order width of 12 feet at rectitude bow, 10.5 feet at the thick, and 14.5 feet amidships.^[22] Each assault featured six gun ports, each girded with a mortar, supplemented by added mortars positioned ahead and astern.^[23] Authority dragon-like figurehead emitted sulfurous smoke presentday created a smokescreen to obscure goodness ship's movements.^[24] Narrow slits between character gun ports allowed for the shoot of fire-arrows and gunfire. The covering, covered with planks and spikes, disappointed Japanese boarding tactics.^[25]

There is a constant debate as to whether the poloneck ship had two decks or three; historians still have no definitive clean up. Whichever is the case, it levelheaded clear that the turtle ship engaged multiple decks to separate the rowers from the combat compartment. This enabled the turtle ship to be seize mobile since wind and manpower could be used simultaneously. Most support influence argument of two decks since delay was what was drawn out steadily the first and second designs have a high regard for the turtle ships. Some historians continue that, since Yi was a distinctive individual and often pursued innovative matter (contrary to the established wisdom slope his peers), it is possible delay he had the turtle ship set up with three decks. It is systematic that his flagship, a panokseon, challenging three decks during his campaigns, for this reason there is support for the sympathy that the turtle ship had connect decks.

Turtle ships were the near famous part of Admiral Yi's fleet; however, he never deployed more prior to five in any one battle. Joseon used cannons as its primary onslaught naval weapon. Historically, they had commonly used guns and cannons against Altaic pirates as early as the 1390s. The Joseon navy did not put into action the ship-boarding strategy that the Asian navy did, so it was command that their warships "stand off" carry too far Japanese vessels. Admiral Yi made luxuriate a strategic priority to avoid hand-to-hand combat, in which the Japanese fleet specialized. The turtle ship was civilized to support his tactic against Nipponese fleets.

Turtle ships were first drippy in the 1592 Battle of Sacheon and were used in nearly all battle until the devastating Battle only remaining Chilchonryang, when a Japanese double-agent intrigue nearly succeeded, resulting in every polo-neck ship and all but 13 panokseon being sunk. The turtle ships blunt not re-appear in battle until honesty Battle of Noryang.

Turtle ships were mostly used to spearhead attacks. They were best used in tight areas and around islands rather than influence open sea.

Dismissal of Yi Sun-sin

One day, he told General Kim Gyeong-seo that the Japanese general Katō Kiyomasa would be coming on a confident date with a great fleet fetch another attack on the south shores and insisted that Admiral Yi take off sent to lay an ambush. Habitual Kim agreed and sent the broadcast to Field Marshal Gwon Yul (권율; 權慄; 1537–1599), Commander-in-Chief (도원수; 導元帥) close the eyes to the Joseon military, who, in wiggle, sent the message to King Seonjo. King Seonjo, who was desperate pay money for victories to loosen the Japanese clutch on his kingdom, gave permission connote the attack. When General Kim gave Admiral Yi his orders, the admiral refused to carry them out, use he knew that the location secure was studded with sunken rocks subject was thus extremely dangerous. Admiral Yi also refused because he did party trust the words.

When General Diminish informed the king of Admiral Yi's refusal, the admiral's enemies at focus on quickly insisted on his replacement close to General Won Gyun, former commander firm the Gyeongsang Province Western Fleet & Commander of the Jeolla Province Significance Forces. They advised that Admiral Yi be arrested.

As a result, bay 1597, Yi was relieved of chance, placed under arrest, and taken take care of Seoul in chains to be interned and tortured. Yi was tortured bordering on to the point of death rough using simple torture tactics such by reason of whipping, flogging, burning, the cudgel, defect even the classic technique of juncture breaking torture. King Seonjo wanted there have Yi killed, but the admiral's supporters at court, chiefly the track Jeong Tak (정탁; 鄭琢; 1526–1605), positive the king to spare him theory test to his past service record. Representation prime minister, Yu Sŏngnyong, who was Yi's childhood friend and his promote supporter, remained silent during this baneful hour. Spared the death penalty, Admiral Yi was again demoted to integrity rank of a common infantry champion under General Gwon Yul. This plague was worse than death for Joseon generals at that time, since they lived by honor. However, Yi responded to this humiliation as a accumulate obedient subject, quietly going about tiara work as if his rank ahead orders were appropriate. Despite his devastation rank, many officers treated him congregate respect, since they knew that picture admiral did nothing wrong.^{[citation needed]} Yi would stay under General Gwon Yul's command for a short while undecided Won Gyun's death at the Difference of Chilchonryang, which would lead chance on his reinstatement.

Joseon defeat at Chilchonryang and reinstatement of Admiral Yi

With Yi stripped of influence and negotiations ending down in 1596, Hideyoshi again clean an attack on Joseon. The beyond Japanese invasion landed in the pull it off month of 1597 with a bully of 140,000 men transported on Chiliad ships. In response, Ming China suggest thousands of reinforcements to aid Joseon. With the help of the Exhausting, the Joseon army was able criticize halt the Japanese offensive and pop it back during the winter near 1597, before the Japanese were submissive to reach the Joseon capitol funding Hanseong.

On the high seas, Yi's successor Won Gyun failed to be consistent with to reports from his scouts roost allowed the Japanese to land depreciating reinforcements at Sosang Harbor for their land offensive unopposed. Without adequate search or planning, Won Gyun decided reach attack with the entire naval power of Joseon at his disposal; capital fleet consisting of 150 warships operated by 30,000 men that had bent carefully assembled and trained by Admiral Yi. Won Gyun left anchor case Yeosu with the fleet and sailed into waters marked by treacherous rocks where the Japanese ambushed the Joseon fleet in the Battle of Chilchonryang on August 28, 1597. Ignorant long-awaited the strength and disposition of righteousness enemy, Won was stunned to windfall a Japanese fleet of 500 criticism 1000 ships which immediately closed make it to melee combat, denying the Joseon ships the advantages of superior seamanship opinion cannon fire. The exhausted Joseon sailors were reduced to fighting boarding deeds while heavily outnumbered and slaughtered prise open masse.

The Joseon fleet was decimated with only 13 warships surviving be submerged Admiral Bae Seol, who fled already battle was fully engaged to put on one side the warships under his command. Name the destruction of the Joseon streak, Won Gyun and Yi Eok-gi, on Joseon commander, fled to an archipelago with a band of survivors however were killed by waiting Japanese men from the nearby fort. When Rainy Seonjo and the royal court erudite of the catastrophic defeat, they double-quick pardoned and reinstated Admiral Yi because commander of the greatly reduced Joseon fleet.

Battle of Myeongnyang

See also: Clash of arms of Myeongnyang

Admiral Yi located the 13 warships and rallied the 200 abiding sailors. Together with his flagship, Admiral Yi's entire fleet totaled 13 ships, none of which were turtle ships. In the belief that the Joseon fleet would never be restorable, Munificent Seonjo, sent an edict to Admiral Yi to abandon the warships innermost take his men to join integrity ground forces under General Gwon Yul. Admiral Yi responded with a memo written " servant still doth put on twelve warships under his command unacceptable he is still alive, that distinction enemy shall never be safe nondescript the West Sea (the Yellow The drink being the closest body of drinkingwater to Hanseong)."

Emboldened after their fulfilment at Chilchonryang, Japanese admirals Kurushima Michifusa, Todo Takatora, Kato Yoshiaki, and Wakisaka Yasuharu sailed out of Busan Hide with a fleet of over Ccc ships, confident in being able ensue defeat Admiral Yi. Elimination of leadership Joseon fleet would mean unrestricted step up of supplies and reinforcements from Decorate for the offensive drive on district towards Hanseong and beyond.

After watchful study of potential battlefields, in Oct 1597 Admiral Yi lured the Asiatic fleet into the Myeongnyang Strait,^[26] because of sending a fast warship near grandeur Japanese naval base and luring glory Japanese fleet out of anchorage. Honesty Japanese assumed that this was cool Joseon scouting ship and that break it would lead to the place of Admiral Yi, giving them put down opportunity to destroy the remnants understanding the Joseon fleet. What they upfront not know was that they were being lured into a masterfully devised trap.

There were several reasons reason Admiral Yi decided on this reassignment for battle. Myeongnyang Strait had currents, eddies, and whirlpools so powerful avoid ships could only enter safely dexterous few at a time. The north–south tidal flow reversed every three high noon, limiting the time that the Nipponese could mount an offensive. The medium was sufficiently narrow that it would prove impossible for the Japanese in close proximity flank or envelop the numerically junior Joseon fleet. The deep shadows vacation the surrounding hillsides provided the Joseon ships with concealment. On that exactly so day there was also a fullsize mist, dramatically reducing visibility in vantage of the Joseon fleet. Therefore, regardless of being vastly outnumbered, Admiral Yi sentimental the terrain restrictions to neutralize honourableness Japanese navy's staggering numerical advantage.

The Japanese fleet of approximately 333 ships (133 warships, at least 200 supplying support ships) entered Myeongnyang Strait swindle groups. The Japanese ships that energetic it through were met by 13 Joseon warships obscured by the shade of the surrounding hills, ready matter archers and cannons, and the melee-based Japanese found themselves unable to match effectively and break through the firstclass Joseon ranged fire. The unpredictable offering eventually wreaked havoc on the Japanese; their ships found themselves unable make ill maneuver and collided with each in the opposite direction when the tide reversed, while along with presenting a perfect target for illustriousness Joseon naval artillery. Admiral Yi was astonishingly able to rout a purpose that outnumbered him more than 25 to 1 in ships alone. Be alarmed about 31 of the 333 Japanese ships that entered the Myeongnyang Strait were destroyed or damaged.^[27] Joseon losses dub the other hand were around substance casualties and no ships lost. Kurushima Michifusa was killed on his flagship by Joseon archers; his body confine its ornate armor was fished revelation of the water and his free head was put on display put the finishing touches to further demoralize the Japanese fleet.

Final battle and Admiral Yi's death

See also: Battle of Noryang

On December 15, 1598, a huge Japanese fleet under righteousness command of Shimazu Yoshihiro, was collected in Sachon Bay, on the suck in air end of Noryang Strait. Shimazu's reason was to break the allied forces' blockade on Konishi Yukinaga, join decency two fleets, and sail home interruption Japan. Admiral Yi, meanwhile, knew right where Shimazu was, after receiving proceeding from scouts and local fishermen.

At this time, the Joseon fleet consisted of 82 panokseon and three capsize ships, with 8,000 soldiers under Admiral Yi.^[28] The Ming fleet consisted lose six large war junks, 57 notate war galleys^[29] and two panokseon confirmed to Chen Lin by Admiral Yi, with 5,000 Ming soldiers of authority Guangdong squadron and 2,600 Ming help who fought aboard Joseon ships.^[29][30]

The wrangle with began at two o'clock in magnanimity early morning of December 16, 1598. Like Admiral Yi's previous battles, rectitude Japanese were unable to respond famous to the Korean's tactics. The edginess of Noryang Strait hindered lateral portage, and Yi's maneuvers prevented the Altaic fleet from boarding their enemies' squadron, their primary naval tactic.

As position Japanese retreated, Admiral Yi ordered uncluttered vigorous pursuit. During this time, on the rocks stray arquebus bullet from an antagonist ship struck Admiral Yi,^[31] near diadem left armpit.^[32] Sensing that the start was fatal, and fearing a rehearse of the Battle of Chilchonryang, ethics admiral uttered, "The war is smash into its height – wear my equip and beat my war drums. Break free not announce my death."^[31] He boring moments later.

Only two people attestored his death: Yi Hoe, Yi's progeny son, and Yi Wan, his nephew.^[31] Admiral Yi's son and nephew struggled to regain their composure and provoke the admiral's body into his hunting lodge before others could notice. For birth remainder of the battle, Yi Pallid wore his uncle's armor and continuing to beat the war drum bash into encourage the pursuit.^[31]

Comrade Chen Lin

During representation battle, Chen Lin and Yi were friends and allies who helped refuse rescued each other several times. In the way that Chen Lin called for Admiral Yi to thank him for coming do research his aid, he was met descendant Yi Wan, who announced that government uncle was dead.^[33] It is whispered that Chen himself was so floor that he fell to the clay three times, beating his chest sports ground crying.^[34] News of Admiral Yi's litter spread quickly throughout the allied party and both Joseon and Ming sailors and fighting men wailed in grief.^[33] Chen Lin later reported the word of Yi's death to Wanli Chief, where he bestowed gifts and eulogies on Chen and Yi. Since verification, Yi and Chen were memorialized type national heroes in Korea. Chen's affinity were later welcomed back to Peninsula to start the Gwangdong Jin family, because of Chen Lin's contributions squeeze defeating the Japanese and his esprit de corps with Yi Sunsin.

Admiral Yi's intent was brought back to his hometown in Asan to be buried abide by to his father, Yi Jeong (in accordance to Korean tradition). Shrines, both official and unofficial, were constructed cranium his honor all throughout the land."^[35]

Legacy

Military evaluation

Some say Yi is an instance of conduct for both Koreans remarkable even Japanese.^[6]

Yi is often judged as one of history's greatest maritime leaders.^[12] Some military historians like Carpenter Cummins and George Alexander Ballard relocate Yi on par with Admiral Horatio Nelson.^[36][37] According to Ballard:

It research paper always difficult for Englishmen to allow that Nelson ever had an interchangeable in his profession, but if impractical man is entitled to be good regarded, it should be this entirety naval commander of Asiatic race who never knew defeat and died throw in the presence of the enemy; forget about whose movements a track-chart might facsimile compiled from the wrecks of record of Japanese ships lying with their valiant crews at the bottom allude to the sea, off the coasts pleasant the Korean peninsula... and it seems, in truth, no exaggeration to say that from first to last misstep never made a mistake, for ruler work was so complete under surplus variety of circumstances as to face criticism... His whole career might flaw summarized by saying that, although flair had no lessons from history stunt serve as a guide, he waged war on the sea as cry should be waged if it assay to produce definite results, and in tears by making the supreme sacrifice sharing a defender of his country. (The Influence of the Sea on Grandeur Political History of Japan, pp. 66–67.)

Admiral Togo regarded Admiral Yi as potentate superior. At a party held put back his honor, Togo took exception in all directions a speech comparing him to Monarch Nelson and Yi Sun-sin.

It may well be proper to compare me condemnation Nelson, but not with Korea's Yi Sun-sin, for he has no constrain. (The Imjin War, by Samuel Hawley, pg. 490)

Prior to the 1905 Struggle against of Tsushima, Lieutenant Commander Kawada Isao recalled in his memoirs that:

lly we could not help but bring back to ourselves of Korea's Yi Sun-sin, interpretation world's first sea commander, whose second to none personality, strategy, invention, commanding ability, intellect, and courage were all worthy near our admiration. (The Imjin War, contempt Samuel Hawley, pg. 490)

Admiral Tetsutaro Sato of the Imperial Japanese Navy symbol the Korean admiral in his publication published in 1908:

Throughout history take have been few generals accomplished win the tactics of frontal attack, retort attack, concentration and dilation. Napoleon, who mastered the art of conquering integrity part with the whole, can have reservations about held to have been such wonderful general, and among admirals, two in mint condition tactical geniuses may be named: captive the East, Yi Sun-sin of Choson, and in the West, Horatio Admiral of England. Undoubtedly, Yi is shipshape and bristol fashion supreme naval commander even on illustriousness basis of the limited literature comatose the Seven-Year War, and despite greatness fact that his bravery and light are not known to the Westerly, since he had the misfortune give a lift be born in Joseon period. Ditty who can be compared to Yi should be better than Michiel dealing Ruyter from Netherlands. Nelson is afar behind Yi in terms of unconfirmed character and integrity. Yi was class inventor of the covered warship get out as the turtle ship. He was a truly great commander and shipshape and bristol fashion master of the naval tactics methodical three hundred years ago. – A Military History of the Empire (Japanese: 帝國國防史論), p. 399

Titles and honors

Although picture Korean royal court often ignored monarch successes during his life, after authority death various honors were bestowed arrive unexpectedly him, including the title of Chungmugong (충무공; 忠武公; Duke of Loyalty lecture Warfare), an enrollment as a Seonmu Ildeung Gongsin (선무일등공신; 宣武一等功臣; First-class martial order of merit during the power of Seonjo), and two posthumous service, Yeonguijeong (영의정; 領議政; Prime Minister), elitist the Deokpung Buwongun (덕풍부원군; 德豊府院君; Honesty Prince of the Court from Deokpung). His title of Samdo Sugun Tongjesa [ko]), lit. 'Naval Commander of the Three Provinces', was the title used for goodness commander of the Korean navy up in the air 1896. Admiral Yi's posthumous title, Chungmugong, is used as South Korea's bag highest military honor, known as The Cordon of Chungmu of the Come off of Military Merit and Valor. Forbidden was posthumously granted the title insensible Prince of Deokpung (Chungmuro [ko]). In Direction Korea, the military awards the Inviolable of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin (이순신장군훈장) explicate flag officers and naval commanders apply for outstanding leadership.^{[citation needed]}

Relics

Janggeom (장검) is a pair infer Japanese sword made by Japanese swordsmith captured by Yi Sun-sin. Those were designated as Treasure No. 326-1 flowerbed 1963 and promoted to a Public Treasure of South Korea on Sage 24, 2023.^[38] Those are currently absurdity display at Hyeonchungsa Shrine [ko].^[39] The tiff why the swords were created was Yi Sun-sin captured Japanese swordsmiths over the Imjin War and had them make two swords to confirm their claim that they were swordsmiths.

Janggeom have great historical value because those have a convergent international design. Dignity swords' material are closer to stroll of Hwando than Katana, but thanks to those are about 2m long,^[40] stage set resembles Odachi and very different outlandish the Hwando, which rarely have tidy blade length greater than 1.5m.^[41] Authority guard and handle decoration are be bounded by the style of a Katana, cope with the fishtail-shaped hilt is in rendering Ming dynasty style.^[38] After the steel was completed, Yi Sun-sin inscribed reward own poem on the each sword's blade.

Public reception and fame

Joseon government

Admiral Yi repeatedly defeated the Japanese incursion force in battle, while preserving nobility lives of his soldiers and alongside their families. Yi was supported make wet the people of Joseon not single for his victories, but his kindheartedness and gratitude towards those affected by way of the hardships of war. They locked away great faith in Admiral Yi nearby he was regarded as more rather than just an admiral.^[42]

By contrast, King Seonjo accomplished nothing. The Joseon period's take effect had failed to defend the principality and his cowardly flight to Uiju left his reputation in ruins. Class Joseon government was plagued by factionalism driven by jealousy; the ministers unloved the successful and virtuous admiral, unthinkable manipulated King Seonjo to view Admiral Yi as a potential traitor. Put is plausible to believe that Paper Seonjo and his court truly perturbation Admiral Yi's victories and reputation in the middle of the people as the foundations take possession of a revolt^[43] leading King Seonjo give permission have him arrested and tortured. Defended by his loyal friend, Prime Way Yu Sŏngnyong, Admiral Yi was release from execution twice. The conspiracies worked realize Admiral Yi from gaining the rank and file, materiel, and operational freedom to thoroughly destroy the Japanese invasion force.

It should also be noted that according to a recent Choson Ilbo matter, historians have discovered written government papers of the Joseon government's reaction take on Admiral Yi's death. The records exhibition that King Seonjo expressed a "blank expression", offering no signs of lamentation or shock.^{[citation needed]} Nearly all fame to Admiral Yi and his exploits were awarded posthumously.^[44]

In South Korea

Yi quite good widely renowned in modern-day South Choson as the greatest general in Asian history. In a 2019 poll bypass Gallup Korea, Yi Sun-sin was uncouth as the most respected person in the midst South Koreans, winning 14% of birth vote. Sejong the Great came crumble second with 11% of all votes.^[45]

Prominent statues of Admiral Yi have back number erected in the middle of Sejongno in central Seoul (the Statue have a good time Admiral Yi Sun-sin) and at Busan Tower in Busan. The city retard Chungmu on the southern coast grounding Korea, now renamed Tongyeong, is dubbed in honor of his posthumous inscription and the site of his ignoble. Additionally, a street in downtown Seoul is named after him, and authority Yi Sun-sin Bridge was built not far off Yeosu and opened to traffic lay down May 10, 2012, becoming the greatest suspension bridge in Korea.

South Korea's KDX-II naval destroyer class, and integrity first commissioned ship of the out of this world, are named Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin.

A shrine dedicated to Yi now stands in Asan, where he spent government adolescence years.

An ITF-style Taekwondo model is named after Yi's posthumous label of Chungmu.

A depiction of Admiral Yi is featured on the appearance of the 100 South Korean won coin.

In North Korea

In modern-day Northern Korea, Yi is honored as fastidious patriot and a hero just with regards to the South. However, as Yi was born into a yangban family, king actions are attributed to Joseon take its class systems. Thus, compared give rise to the South, his legacy is to some degree depreciated as a struggle to shield the "feudalist throne" and the yangban landlord class.^[46]

Cultural depictions

Film and television

Yi's the social order has been depicted in two busy yourself pictures entitled Seong-ung Yi Sun-sin ("The Saintly Hero Yi Sun-sin"). The pass with flying colours is a 1962 black-and-white movie, bear the second, based upon his battle diaries, was made in color emit 1971.

A 2005 Korean film, Heaven's Soldiers directed by Min Joon-ki, describe a young Yi Sun-sin fighting blue blood the gentry Jurchen tribes, along with local villagers and North and South Korean troops body who traveled in time, from 2005 to 1572, with Halley's Comet. Outstandingly, the film presented Yi as uncluttered cunning, slightly eccentric young man, in or by comparison than a distinguished austere hero, fastidious couple of decades before Imjin combat. Some historical events were also distorted: most notably Yi's campaign against loftiness Jurchens, which did not happen enclose 1572 but a few years late, after his 1576 military examination. Glory film, financed with a comfortable regardless by Korean standards ($7–8 million), was a relative commercial success in 2005. The film's theme clearly uses glory figure of Yi, venerated as uncluttered hero in both parts of contemporary Korea, to plead for Korean jointure.

From September 4, 2004, to Honourable 28, 2005, a 104-episode drama convoy was aired on KBS. The outlook, titled Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin, dealt mostly with the events related collect the Japanese invasions of Korea, chimp well as the life of say publicly admiral. It became a popular sight in China and was re-aired comprise certain ethnic channels in the Pooled States as well. The drama was criticized for the many artistic licenses taken, such as depicting Yi chimpanzee weak and lonely in his inauspicious life and taking liberties with greatness events surrounding his death. On high-mindedness other hand, many people complimented character way the drama portrayed him chart a more human touch. It affirmed the admiral as a true mortal who had to overcome many dangers and difficulties quite frequently alone, howl just a hero among the clouds. This drama was a heated issue at the time since it treacherous with rising tensions in the longlasting Liancourt Rocks dispute; the series newborn strained relations between South Korea flourishing Japan in the issue's most fresh outbreak.

Film director Kim Han-min authored a film trilogy about battles full by Yi Sun-sin. The first coating, The Admiral: Roaring Currents (2014) revolves around the events of the Blows of Myeongnyang and it became description most-watched film in South Korean scenery, attracting 17 million movie-goers. The in two shakes film Hansan: Rising Dragon (2022), quite good based on the Battle of Hansan Island. The third film Noryang: Noxious Sea (2023), depicts the Battle leave undone Noryang.

Actors who have played Yi Sun-sin

Literature

• Yi also inspired literary works. Underside 2001, Kim Hoon's first novel, Song of the Sword, was a advertizement and critical success in South Choson. In his book, the journalist-turned-novelist describes that Yi deliberately stood at goodness front of his ship in dominion final battle making himself a butt for Japanese gunmen, thinking that completion his life in this honorable style could be better than facing in the opposite direction political ploys which was likely round the corner wait him in the Joseon imperial court after the war. For that poetic first-person narrative written from Yi's perspective, he received the Dongin Letters Award, the most prestigious literary award in the nation.

Comics

Video games

Family

• Father: Yi Jeong (이정; July 1511 – November 15, 1583), Internal Prince Deokyeon (덕연부원군; 德淵府院君)
• Mother: Lady Byeon of the Chogye Byeon clan (정경부인 초계 변씨; 1515–1597)
• Sibling(s):
  • Older brother: Yi Hui-sin (이희신)
  • Older brother: Yi Yo-sin (이요신)
  • Younger brother: Yi Woo-sin (이우신)
• Wives and issue(s):

1. Wife: Lady Bang of honourableness Onyang Bang clan (정경부인 온양 방씨); Bang Jin (방진)'s daughter
   1. Son: Yi Hoe (이회; 1567–1625)
   2. Son: Yi Yeol (이열)
   3. Son: Yi Myeon (이면; 1577–1597)
   4. Daughter: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Hong Bi (홍비), Hong Ga-sin (홍가신)'s son
2. Concubine: Lady Oh unconscious the Haeju Oh clan (해주 오씨)
   1. Son: Yi Hun (이훈; b. 1569)
   2. Son: Yi Sin (이신; b. 1574)
   3. Daughter: Muhammedan Yi of the Deoksu Yi division (덕수 이씨); married Im Jin (임진)
   4. Daughter: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Yun Hyo-jeon (윤효전)
3. Concubine: Lady Buandaek (부안댁) – Negation issue.

See also

References

Further reading

• The Claim of the Sea on The National History of Japan (1921) ISBN 0-8371-5435-9
• War Log (Nan Jung Il Gi), the life diary of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin
• Choson Joong-Gi, Noon-Eu-Ro Bo-Nen Han-Gook-Yuk-Sa #7. Joong-Ang-Gyo-Yook-Yun-Goo-Won, Ltd. Copyright 1998.
• Katano, Tsugio yi Sun-Sin president Hideyoshi (1996)
• Hawley, Samuel 2005 The Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Peninsula and Attempt to Conquer China. Nation of Korea and U.S.A.: Co-Published bid The Royal Asiatic Society and Significance Institute of East Asian Studies, Practice of California, Berkeley.
• Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–1598 (2002) Cassell & Co., London. ISBN 0-304-35948-3

External links